HAVE TO? WANT TO. "Discretionary effort is the level of effort people could give if they wanted to, but above and beyond the minimum required." —Aubrey C. Daniels, Ph.D. For some essential reads, see https://www.aubreydaniels.com/catalog/categories/books. It’s exactly the result we want when teaching animals, right? Mastery or fluency is not enough; we hope for enthusiasm! How do we train in a way that makes discretionary effort more likely? What are the skills and procedures that get the respon

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