Salzburg Castle, better known as Hohensalzburg Fortress, looms over Salzburg, Austria, atop Festungsberg at 506 meters. Begun in 1077 by Archbishop Gebhard, it grew into one of Europe’s largest and best-preserved medieval fortresses under later expansions, notably by Archbishop Leonhard von Keutschach around 1500. Never captured by force, its Gothic architecture includes towers, courtyards, and robust walls symbolizing ecclesiastical power. Now a major attraction, it houses museums on medieval l