Light exposure can trigger the seminal, 110-year-old Ullmann reaction—which typically forges C–N bonds via heat and a copper complex—showing that the reaction can proceed via single-­electron transfer ...

Copper-catalyzed cross-coupling encompasses a family of reactions that form carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds by joining two organic fragments under the action of copper catalysts. Traditional ...

The Ullmann reaction is one of the oldest reactions in organometallic chemistry. It is one of the most widely used copper-mediated coupling reactions, widely applied in the construction of ...

The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...