In this anatomy course, part of the Anatomy Specialization, you’ll learn about the various digestive, endocrine, and reproductive organs, their functions, and pathways of nerves and blood vessels ...

Key Points Development of the lung as a derivative of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Predisposition of anatomy of the lungs to aspiration of food, saliva, and vomitus. Development of four-chambered ...

The adult human esophagus is an 18- to 25-cm long muscular tube that has cervical, thoracic, and abdominal parts. The esophagus wall is composed of striated muscle in the upper part, smooth muscle in ...

The precise pathogenesis of NEC is elusive. For a brief review of GI anatomy and physiology, see Sidebar 2. As early as 1975, the triad of GI mucosal injury, presence of bacteria in the gut, and ...

The fossilized food remains of the extinct predatory fish Saurichthys reflect its spiral-shaped intestine. The spiral valve in fossils from Southern Switzerland is similar to that of sharks and rays.