Scientists have demonstrated that negative refraction can be achieved using atomic arrays -- without the need for artificially manufactured metamaterials. Scientists have long sought to control light ...

Transformation optics (TO) proposed concurrently by Pendry and Leonhardt 1,2 opened a gateway to put forward ideas for designing devices with unprecedented functionalities. Although the method was ...

To demonstrate a quick way of calculating the optical difference between two refractions using vector analysis, and to express this as a score for examination purposes. An existing formula is applied, ...