For decades, Europa has been the optimistic counterpoint to a lonely solar system, a small icy world that seemed to tick ...

A new study led by WashU planetary scientists suggests the icy moon lacks the undersea activity needed to support life.

・Earth’s deep-sea hydrothermal vents provide a model for understanding how life could exist on Europa. ・Holden’s team is studying how vent microbes generate energy using hydrogenases to predict what ...