When used in structural engineering, the term deflection refers to load-induced displacement, which typically affects beam designs. It can be an extremely complicated value to calculate when ...

The integrations needed to determine beam deflections require the enforcement of the appropriate displacement and rotation boundary conditions (BCs). It is important that we be able to recognize these ...

The characterization of slice properties of electron bunches, such as slice emittance, slice-energy spread and beam-current profile, is very useful in a variety of contexts. In Free-Electron Lasers ...

Shaping and steering of light beams is essential in many modern applications, ranging from optical tweezers, camera lenses, vision correction to 3D displays. However, current realisations require ...

In civil engineering, flexural beams are used to control the effect of vibrations that can cause cracks to appear in surfaces (concrete slabs) and beams. This is particularly important in buildings ...